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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(4): 1198-1202, ago. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514366

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The integration of artificial intelligence in veterinary medical education has the potential to revolutionize the way students learn veterinary anatomy. ChatGPT, launched by OpenAI in November 2022, has been the fastest-growing artificial intelligence (AI) application as a learning tool in the past few months. ChatGPT is a virtual assistant that provides students with detailed and relevant anatomical knowledge based on internet sources. Apart from the advantages of ChatGPT in veterinary anatomy education, the challenges and limitations must also be considered, as highlighted in this letter. Further research and evaluation are necessary to ensure the optimal integration of the ChatGPT tool into veterinary anatomy education. ChatGPT can provide students with valuable insights and educational support but cannot replace hands-on experiences; dissection-based laboratory sessions remain essential for developing practical skills and spatial understanding in veterinary anatomy education.


La integración de la inteligencia artificial en la educación médica veterinaria tiene el potencial de revolucionar la forma en que los estudiantes aprenden anatomía veterinaria. ChatGPT, lanzado por OpenAI en noviembre de 2022, ha sido la aplicación de inteligencia artificial (IA) de más rápido crecimiento como herramienta de aprendizaje en los últimos meses. ChatGPT es un asistente virtual que brinda a los estudiantes conocimientos anatómicos detallados y relevantes basados en fuentes de Internet. Además de las ventajas de ChatGPT en la educación en anatomía veterinaria, también se deben considerar los desafíos y las limitaciones, como se destaca en esta carta. Se necesitan más investigaciones y evaluaciones para garantizar la integración óptima de la herramienta ChatGPT en la educación en anatomía veterinaria. ChatGPT puede proporcionar a los estudiantes información valiosa y apoyo educativo, pero no puede reemplazar las experiencias prácticas. Las sesiones de laboratorio basadas en disecciones siguen siendo esenciales para desarrollar habilidades prácticas y comprensión espacial en la educación de la anatomía veterinaria.


Subject(s)
Humans , Artificial Intelligence , Anatomy, Veterinary/education
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(4): 1231-1233, ago. 2021.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385442

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Consecutive waves of the COVID-19 pandemic made teaching and learning tasks harder for veterinary anatomy faculties and students worldwide compared to the prepandemic scenario. Online teaching has been triggered across several countries as a precautionary measure against COVID-19. Educational institutions are looking towards online learning platforms to continue educating the students, as many veterinary institutes have been shut down due to COVID-19. As with most teaching methods, online learning also has its own set of positives and negatives. This letter aims to highlight the pros and cons of online veterinary anatomy education in the COVID-19 pandemic period. In conclusion, prepandemic teaching has been effective and adaptable for veterinary anatomy students for a better learning process, whereas online teaching has major cons over a few pros.


RESUMEN: Las oleadas consecutivas de la pandemia COVID-19 han dificultado las tareas de enseñanza y aprendizaje para las facultades de anatomía veterinaria y para los estudiantes de todo el mundo en comparación con el escenario prepandémico. Se ha activado en varios países la enseñanza en línea como medida de precaución durante la crisis de la COVID-19. Las instituciones educacionales están buscando plataformas de aprendizaje en línea para continuar la enseñanza de los alumnos, debido a que muchos institutos veterinarios se han cerrado. Como ocurre con la mayoría de los métodos de enseñanza, el aprendizaje en línea también tiene su propio conjunto de aspectos positivos y negativos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo resaltar las ventajas y desventajas de la educación en anatomía veterinaria en línea en el período de la pandemia de la COVID-19. En conclusión, la enseñanza prepandemia ha sido eficaz y adaptable para los estudiantes de anatomía veterinaria para lograr un proceso mejor de aprendizaje, mientras que la enseñanza en línea tiene mayores desventajas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Education, Distance , COVID-19 , Anatomy, Veterinary/education , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(2): 623-624, abr. 2021. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385345

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: As the world is struggling to cope with SARS-CoV-2, the aetiological agent of COVID-19, which has led to a global pandemic defying the geographical borders and putting the lives of billions at risk (Priyanka et al., 2020), the most critical question that remains to be elucidated by the faculty of education is whether the virtual mode of teaching will continue or we will be back to the pre-COVID scenario of teaching and learning. Being an assistant professor teaching veterinary anatomy to the students enrolled in the first-year Bachelor of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry (B.V.Sc. & A.H.), I felt it essential to comment on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on anatomical education (Franchi, 2020) in India. The present situation of virtual education may impact the future of current veterinary students as practically they can't be sound just depending on theories.


RESUMEN: Mientras el mundo lucha por hacer frente al SARS-CoV-2, el agente etiológico del COVID-19, que ha provocado una pandemia mundial que desafía las fronteras geográficas y pone en riesgo la vida de miles de millones (Priyanka et al., 2020), la pregunta más crítica que deben dilucidar los docentes de la educación, es si la modalidad virtual de enseñanza continuará o volveremos al escenario pre-COVID de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Siendo profesor asistente de anatomía veterinaria, como docente de los estudiantes matriculados en el primer año de Licenciatura en Ciencias Veterinarias y Ganadería (BVSc. & AH), sentí que era esencial comentar sobre el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la educación anatómica en India (Franchi, 2020). La situación actual de la educación virtual puede afectar el futuro de los estudiantes de veterinaria actuales, ya que prácticamente no pueden contar con conocimientos sólidos dependiendo de las teorías.


Subject(s)
Animals , COVID-19 , Anatomy, Veterinary/education , SARS-CoV-2
4.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-210928

ABSTRACT

The binturong or bearcat is the largest species of the family Viverridae. It is uncommon in much of its range and has been assessed as vulnerable on the IUCN red list. The size of the head was small, narrow and light in proportion to the body. The skull of the binturong was dolichocephalic as per the cephalic index (56.25). There was no prominent internasal suture and the orbits were incomplete with optic foramen present near the ventral surface. The mean skull length, skull width, skull base length, cranial length, cranial width, cranial height, were 14.95±0.10 cm, 8.47±0.10 cm, 15.07±0.02 cm, 11.16±0.09 cm, 6.56±0.11 cm, 3.16±0.08 cm, respectively. The mean facial length, facial width, maxilla length, maxilla height, distance between infraorbital foramen, diameter of infraorbital foramina, nasal length, nasal width were 4.95±0.08 cm, 6.14±0.12 cm, 4.46±0.01 cm, 3.83±0.02 cm, 4.68±0.10 cm, 0.49±0.07 cm, 2.94±0.03 cm, 1.97±0.11 cm, respectively. Scanty literature available on morphological and morphometrical studies of the skull of binturong. Therefore this present study was aimed to establish a morphometric database that will eventually guide the use of these measurements for diagnosis and treating different disorders

5.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-210778

ABSTRACT

The aim of the research was to investigate the gross morphological, histological and histochemical structure of epididymis in local pig of Mizoram. The epididymis was collected from six apparently healthy adult Zovawk pigs. The epididymis appeared as a straight elongated tubular structure with reddish-white colour comprises of three regions; head, body and tail. The biometrical parameter including the weight, length and thickness (head, body and tail) were found to be higher in the left side of epididymis than the right side. Histologically, the duct of epididymis was surrounded by irregularly arranged tissue. The parenchyma of epididymis consists of tubules with distinct boundaries of connective tissues. The collagen and reticular fibers were abundant in tunica albuginea and connective tissue present between the tubules. However, few elastic fibers occurred in the capsule and only in the blood vessels in both the left and right epididymis of Zovawk pig. Histochemical studies revealed that basement membrane of tubules, blood vessels and stereocilia shows strong Periodic acid Schiff activity, whereas the basement membrane of tubules and stereocilia showed more concentration of acidic mucopolysaccharides. This is the first study to provide the detailed morphological, histological and histochemical structure of Zovawk epididymis

6.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-210885

ABSTRACT

The Malayan sun bear is the smallest of the eight bear species. The aim of the research was to investigate the morphological and applied anatomical characteristics of the head region of the Malayan sun bear. The size of the head is large, broad and heavy in proportion to the body. The skull of the Malayan sun bear was mesocephalic according to the cephalic index (80.48). The skull length, skull width, cranial length and maximum skull height was 21.47 cm, 17.28 cm, 17.81 cm and 9.40 cm, respectively. The nasal length, nasal perpendicular height, nasal horizontal-transverse width and nasal circumference were 3.59 cm, 3.50 cm, 3.20 cm and 10.52 cm, respectively. The length and height of the mandible were 14.65 cm and 7.09 cm, respectively. There is no literature available on the regional applied anatomy of maxillofacial and mandibular regions of the Malayan sun bear. Therefore, this study was designed to provide information on morphological and applied anatomical studies on the head region of the Malayan sun bear. This is the first detailed study to provide morphological characteristics of the head region of Malayan sun bear and this information will aid the clinicians in the application of regional anaesthesia in Malayan sun bear

7.
Int. j. morphol ; 37(1): 196-204, 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-990027

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Zovawk is newly identified breed of pig of Mizoram approved by breed registration committee of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi. This study was designed to provide maximum number of morphometrical parameters of skull and some valuable information on clinically important parameters of Zovawk. The skull of the Zovawk was dolichocephalic according to the cephalic index (53.56±0.11). The supraorbital foramina distance, infraorbital foramina distance, skull length, skull width, cranial length and nasal length of the Zovawk were 3.49±0.01 cm, 6.55±0.01 cm, 28.26±0.03 cm, 15.11±0.26 cm, 13.17±0.04 cm and 13.79±0.02 cm, respectively. The orbital margins were found to be incomplete with bilateral variation among the orbits of both the sides. The distance from the process of alveolar socket of canine tooth to the infraorbital canal and from the latter to the root of the fourth upper premolar alveolar tooth directly ventral to it was 4.77±0.04 cm and 1.20±0.01 cm, respectively in Zovawk. The data are of clinical importance as a guide for tracking the infra-orbital nerve, and necessary for its desensitization during the manipulations in the skin of the upper lip, nostril and face at the level of the foramen. The distance between the lateral end of the alveolus of the third incisor tooth to the mental foramen was 3.57±0.04 cm in Zovawk, which is an important landmark for achieving the location of the mental nerve for the regional nerve block Zovawk. The length and height of the mandible were 25.02±0.09 cm and 10.54±0.07 cm, respectively in Zovawk. The morphometric measurements of the skull and applied anatomy of the head region of the Zovawk provide an important baseline data for further research in the field of applied anatomy.


RESUMEN: Zovawk es una raza de cerdo de Mizoram recientemente identificada, aprobada por el comité de registro de razas del Consejo Indio de Investigación Agrícola (ICAR), Nueva Delhi. Este estudio fue diseñado para proporcionar el número máximo de parámetros morfométricos del cráneo y cierta información valiosa sobre parámetros clínicamente importantes de Zovawk. El cráneo de Zovawk es dolicocefálico según el índice cefálico (53,56 ± 0,11). La distancia de foramina supraorbital, la distancia de foramina infraorbital, la longitud del cráneo, el ancho del cráneo, la longitud craneal y la longitud nasal del Zovawk fueron 3.49 ± 0.01 cm, 6.55 ± 0.01 cm, 28.26 ± 0.03 cm, 15.11 ± 0.26 cm, 13.17 ± 0.04 cm y 13.79 ± 0,02 cm, respectivamente. Se encontró que los márgenes orbitales estaban incompletos con una variación bilateral entre las órbitas de ambos lados. La distancia desde el proceso de la cavidad alveolar del diente canino al canal infraorbitario y desde este último a la raíz del cuarto diente alveolar premolar superior directamente ventral fue de 4.77 ± 0.04 cm y 1.20 ± 0.01 cm, respectivamente, en Zovawk. Los datos son de importancia clínica como guía para el seguimiento del nervio infra-orbital y necesarios para su desensibilización durante las manipulaciones en la piel del labio superior, fosa nasal y cara a nivel del foramen. La distancia entre el extremo lateral del alvéolo del tercer diente incisivo y el foramen mental fue de 3.57 ± 0.04 cm en Zovawk, que es un hito importante para lograr la ubicación del nervio mental para el bloqueo nervioso regional Zovawk. La longitud y la altura de la mandíbula fueron 25.02 ± 0.09 cm y 10.54 ± 0.07 cm, respectivamente, en Zovawk. Las mediciones morfométricas del cráneo y la anatomía aplicada de la región de la cabeza de Zovawk proporcionan datos de referencia importantes para futuras investigaciones en el campo de la anatomía aplicada.


Subject(s)
Animals , Head/anatomy & histology , Skull/anatomy & histology , Swine , Reference Standards , India , Nerve Block
8.
Int. j. morphol ; 34(2): 775-783, June 2016. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-787068

ABSTRACT

The phenotypic appearance of the head of animal species depends strongly on the shape of the skull. The present study has been carried out on morphological and radiographic characteristics of skull of the Indian Blackbuck. The skull comprised of cranial and facial bones. The cranial bones included occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, interparietal, parietal, frontal and temporal. The occipital was a single bone surrounding the foramen magnum. The sphenoid was a single bone and situated between the occipital posteriorly and the ethmoid anteriorly. The ethmoid was a single bone laid ventral to the frontal and nasal bones. The interparietal was a small quadrilateral bone wedged in between the parietal anterio-laterally and the supraoccipital posteriorly. The parietal was a paired bone. The frontal bone was a paired and formed the roof of the cranial cavity. The occipital bone was roughly pentagonal in shape. The temporal was a paired bone and formed the part of the lateral wall of the cranial cavity. The facial bones included maxilla, premaxilla, palatine, pterygoid, nasal, lacrimal, zygomatic, vomer, turbinates, mandible and hyoid. The maxilla was a roughly triangular flat paired bone. The paired incisive bones were placed on the lower part of the face. The palatine was a paired bone. The pterygoid was a paired, small, slightly curved, flat plate of bone and situated on either side of the posterior nares. The nasal was a paired bone and formed the roof of nasal cavity. The lacrimal was a paired bone and located on the anterior margin of the orbit. The zygomatic was a paired bone and irregularly triangular in outline. The vomer was a single medial bone. The turbinate bone was delicate, scroll-like, complex bony plates, placed vertically in the nasal cavity, being attached to the lateral walls. The mandible was a paired bone. The hyoid bone was situated between the vertical parts of the rami of the mandible.


La apariencia fenotípica de la cabeza de las especies animales depende principalmente de la forma del cráneo. El objetivo fue estudiar las características morfológicas y radiográficas del cráneo del antílope negro de la India. El cráneo consta de los huesos craneales y faciales. Los huesos craneales incluyen occipital, esfenoides, etmoides, interparietal, parietal, frontal y temporal. El occipital es un hueso singular que circunda el foramen occipital. El esfenoides se sitúa entre el occipital posterior y el etmoidal anterior. El etmoidal es un hueso singular situado de forma ventral a los huesos frontal y nasal. El interparietal es un pequeño hueso cuadrilátero ubicado entre el parietal anterolateral y posterior del supraoccipital. El parietal es un hueso bilateral. El hueso bilateral frontal cubría la cavidad craneal. El hueso occipital era más o menos de forma pentagonal. El hueso temporal formaba parte de la pared lateral de la cavidad craneal. Los huesos faciales incluyen el hueso maxilar, premaxila, palatina, pterigoideo, nasal, lacrimal, cigomático, vómer, conchas nasales, mandíbula y el hueso hioides. El maxilar se presentó como un hueso bilateral plano más o menos triangular. Los huesos incisivos estaban colocados en la parte inferior de la cara. El hueso palatino es un hueso bilateral. El hueso pterigoideo bilateral, plano pequeño, de hueso y situado a ambos lados de las fosas posteriores. El hueso nasal en ambos lados formaba la cubierta de la cavidad nasal. El lagrimal es un hueso asociado y situado en el margen anterior de la órbita. El cigomático es un hueso irregular de contorno triangular. El vómer esun solo hueso medial. La concha nasal delgada con forma de espiral, placas óseas complejas y colocadas verticalmente en la cavidad nasal unidas a las paredes laterales. La mandíbula es un hueso bilateral. El hueso hioides estaba situado entre las partes verticales de las ramas de la mandíbula.


Subject(s)
Animals , Antelopes/anatomy & histology , Skull/anatomy & histology , Skull/diagnostic imaging , Facial Bones/anatomy & histology , Facial Bones/diagnostic imaging , Radiography
9.
Int. j. morphol ; 33(3): 868-876, Sept. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-762557

ABSTRACT

The phenotypic appearance of the head of animal species depends strongly on the shape of the skull. The morphometric studies of the skull show that variability in the shape and proportions of bones is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The present study was carried out first time on the morphometrical characteristics on skull of Indian Blackbuck. Craniometric measurements for 48 different parts of the skulls of Indian blackbuck were made in this study. All investigated features were expressed as Mean±SE. The craniometric measurements and cephalic indices had been compared with ruminants. The mean lengths of the skulls were found to be 20.68±0.02 cm, with the width and cephalic index to the magnitude of 9.54±0.03 cm and 46.12±0.12 cm, respectively. The cranial length, width and height in blackbuck were 10.40±0.02 cm, 6.13±0.02 cm and 7.13±0.02 cm, respectively. The cranial index was 59.00±0.11. The mean facial length, facial width and facial index were 11.53±0.08 cm, 9.30±0.01 cm and 80.67±0.44 cm, respectively. The mean weight of the skull with mandible in blackbuck was 182.37±0.54.


La apariencia fenotípica de la cabeza de especies animales depende principalmente de la forma del cráneo. Los estudios morfométricos del cráneo muestran que la variabilidad en la forma y proporciones de los huesos está influenciada por factores genéticos y ambientales. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo por primera vez en las características morfométricas en el cráneo del antílope indio. En este estudio se efectuaron mediciones craneométricas en 48 partes de los cráneos de antílope indio. Todas las características investigadas se expresaron como Media±EE. Las mediciones craneométricas e índices cefálicos fueron comparados con los rumiantes. Se encontró que las longitudes medias de los cráneos eran de 20,68±0,02 cm, con el ancho y el índice cefálico de 9,54±0,03 cm y 46,12±0,12 cm, respectivamente. La longitud del cráneo, ancho y alto en antílope indio eran 10,40±0,02 cm, 6,13±0,02 cm y 7,13±0,02 cm, respectivamente. El índice craneal era 59,00±0,11. La longitud media del rostro, ancho facial e índice facial eran 11,53±0,08 cm, 9,30±0,01 cm y 80,67±0,44 cm, respectivamente. El peso medio del cráneo con la mandíbula en el antílope indio fue de 182,37±0,54.


Subject(s)
Animals , Antelopes/anatomy & histology , Cephalometry/methods , Skull/anatomy & histology
10.
Int. j. morphol ; 33(2): 428-432, jun. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-755489

ABSTRACT

The present study has been done on the mandible of blackbuck. The mandible was a paired bone. It was the largest bone of the skull, and it was made up of two halves, which were united with immovable articulation forming mandibular symphysis. It presented for description three surfaces and three borders. The lingual sur-face was smooth and concave. Its symphyseal surface was rough and irregular. The most prominent part of the curve of the ramus formed the angle of the jaw; the part of the ramus between the body and the angle was called horizontal part and carries the lower cheek teeth. The part of the ramus above the angle was termed the vertical part. The vertical part of ramus was non-tooth bearing, expanded vertical part of mandible. Each ramus presented for description two surfaces, two borders and two extremities. The lateral surface was widest at the angle and tapers towards the extremities.


Este estudio se llevó a cabo sobre la mandíbula del antílope negro. La mandíbula del antílope negro es un hueso emparejado, corresponde al hueso más grande del cráneo, y está compuesto de dos mitades, unidas por una articulación inmóvil formando la sínfisis mandibular. Se observaron tres superficies y tres márgenes. La superficie lingual era lisa y cóncava y la superficie sinfisial era áspera e irregular. La zona más prominente de la curva de la rama formó el ángulo de la mandíbula; el punto de la rama entre el cuerpo y el ángulo se denomina el área horizontal y lleva a los dientes de la mandíbula inferior. El punto de la rama superior al ángulo es conocido como el área vertical. Cada rama presentó para la descripción dos superficies, dos márgenes y dos extremidades. La superficie lateral era más ancha en el ángulo y se extendía hacia las extremidades.


Subject(s)
Animals , Tooth/anatomy & histology , Antelopes/anatomy & histology , Mandible/anatomy & histology
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